Our Brain Is Getting Smaller In The Last 20,000 Years

Our Brain Is Getting Smaller In The Last 20,000 Years

This is probably not pleasant news, but the fact remains, the human brain is getting smaller. The results of the study revealed brain size shrank gradually over 20,000 years. This decline occurs throughout the world, applies to men and women, across all races.

"Over the last 20,000 years, the average volume was reduced from 1,500 male brain into 1,350 cubic centimeters cubic centimeters, the number of lost tennis ball size," said Kathleen McAuliffe, writer at Discover Magazine. "The female brain is decreasing by the same proportion," she added.

Is a shrinking brain size means people more stupid?
Dr John Hawks, an anthropologist from the University of Wisconsin argued, smaller brain size does not translate into lower intelligence. On the contrary, a decrease in brain size we show that we are getting smarter. Brain, using up to 20 percent of all the fuel we consume. Therefore, a larger brain would require more energy and take longer to develop.

Dr. Hawks noted that the explosion of human population between 20,000 and 10,000 years ago triggered a beneficial mutation. Hawks confident, it causes the brain to become leaner, more and neurochemical changes increase the capacity of our brains.

Some paleontologists also agreed with the Hawks, that the size of the smaller, even more efficient. However, not all scientists believe similar. Some believe that humans become more stupid, in line with the evolution process.

Several theories are used to explain the mysteries of the human brain shrinkage. One of them, that the large head size of early humans needed to survive Upper Paleolithic era of cold air.

The second theory, the size of the head associated with foraging patterns in the past, which is hunting. The more easy to get food, the human head will stop growing.

Meanwhile, other experts argue, the ancient times when the high infant mortality rate, only the strongest surviving baby and the most powerful is that having a large head and brain. Now, with the reduction in infant mortality rate, leads to a decrease in brain size proportionally.

According to research by David Geary and Drew Bailey of the University of Missouri, explored how cranial size changed as humans adapted human in an increasingly complex social environment between 1.9 million to 10,000 years ago.

They found that when population density is low, increasing the size of the skull. Conversely, when the population of certain areas changed from sparse to dense, our cranium size decreased, because humans do not have to be smart to survive.

But Dr Geary warned, "Do not necessarily think that the ancestors of humans are smarter than us".

"Our ancestors did not have the intellect and creativity as modern humans, because they do not have a culture of support," he said. At that time, the human mind is squeezed to survive.

Improved agriculture and modern cities based on economic specialization enables intelligent man focused their efforts on science, art, or other fields. - Our Brain Is Getting Smaller In The Last 20,000 Years

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Why People Can Sleep In a Noisy Place ?

Why People Can Sleep In a Noisy Place ?

There are people who can sleep in a noisy train by huckster. There are also people who can sleep in a noisy airport. How could that be? Jeffrey Ellenbogen of Harvard Medical School have the answer.

Jeffrey Ellenbogen (Left)

Ellenbogen and his team collected a dozen people who claim to be able to sleep in a noisy environment. The twelve men were staying for 3 nights at the laboratories of the Harvard Medical School. The first night, they sleep in a quiet environment. Two nights later, made ​​a noisy room with a variety of sounds - including jet noise and toilets - when everyone was asleep.

Based on the reading of brain waves, the researchers found that the brain has a special section called spindles, a fast brain waves, which block the sound so that people can remain dormant.

Then why still many people woke up to the sounds? The researchers also gets that the number of spindles in each person is different. "The results of the reading brain waves, more and more people have the spindles, the more immune to noise," said Ellenbogen. "Still a mystery why everyone can have a different number of spindles," admitted by Ellenbogen .

The results of this study can be used as a reference for creating a system of treatment for people who have trouble sleeping. Waking at night many times for a variety of sounds has become a common problem, so the study concluded. "We can add to the process of making the spindle and use it as an effort to prevent disturbances during sleep," said Ellenbogen.

In the meantime, said Ellenbogen, the results of this research will be the number of spindles used to determine a person's level of tolerance to noise. - Why People Can Sleep In a Noisy Place ?

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Why Don't We Just Eradicate All the Mosquitoes ?

 

Why Don't We Just Eradicate All the Mosquitoes ?

The extinction of the creatures surely have an impact on the ecosystem as a whole. Mosquitoes are one of the insects that have been around since the time long ago. Researchers estimate, these insects have lived side by side with the other creatures on this earth since 100 million years ago. Of the more than 3,500 species of mosquito in the world, there are really only hundreds of species that infect humans. But undeniably, mosquitoes become one of the main enemies because transmit deadly diseases.

Various efforts ever undertaken by humans to eliminate mosquitoes, especially certain types that transmit the disease. Most of it is still limited research in the laboratory, but the outlook is promising.

One of them was made by a team from the University of Oxford. Genetic engineering team successfully created male mosquitoes that if marrying the female mosquito will produce wingless mosquitoes.

Although it can bite, the mutant mosquitoes can not fly because they do not have wings. Because female mosquitoes have to fly to be able to drink the blood, eventually mosquitoes can not breed and become extinct.

With the same technology, a team from the University of Arizona also produced anopheles mosquitoes resistant malaria virus. Although not intended to exterminate mosquitoes, it also aims to eliminate malaria.

If the mutant mosquitoes could be mass produced and released into the nature and causes of extinction, such as the impact of what would happen?

Quoted from Nature, the greatest impact of mosquito extinction will occur in tundra habitat (ice field) at the north pole. The venue is the biggest hotbed for mosquito species Aedes impiger and Aedes nigripes, migratory birds will be reduced by 50 percent due to a decrease in the bird's favorite foods.

Migration of other animals will also be affected, among other similar caribou or reindeer. Thousands of caribou that were previously avoiding mosquito bites will invade the tundra region, followed by the wolves who are the main predators of the caribou.

Species of mosquito-eating fish, Gambusia affinis also endangered if the mosquitoes are gone. The extinction of the fish is a little more would also have an impact on the food chain that occurs in freshwater.

Moreover, larvae or mosquito larvae also play a role in the decomposition of organic waste. While in a puddle of water, the larvae get nutrients to grow from the remains of decaying plants.

However, many of the judge, the impact of which occurred in the ecosystem is comparable to the death rate in humans from mosquito bites. Malaria, for example, recorded 247 million deaths worldwide each year.

Moreover, experts believe, the various types of insectivores (insect eaters) will not be too difficult to adapt to switch prey on other insects if it were no mosquitos. As for the decomposition of organic waste, the role of mosquito larvae is not indispensable because there are many other types of decomposers. - Why Don't We Just Eradicate All the Mosquitoes ?

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Who Is Actually The Largest Provider Of Oxygen For The Earth ?

 

Who Is Actually The Largest Provider Of Oxygen For The Earth ?

If you answered : Trees

The answer : sorry .. you are still wrong .. the tree is one of the contributors of oxygen, but only by 20% for the earth. Trees are useful to mitigate (reduce) the carbon dioxide that is in the earth. So to reduce the impact of global warming, plant a tree so that its CO2 can be utilized by the tree. Because the fair value of CO2 is 0.1% in the earth, but the year before CO2 levels in the atmosphere has reached 0.3%.

So the correct answers are : 

Do you know who it is?

Yap the answer is Plankton, particularly phytoplankton.

Plankton are defined as any drifting organisms that live in the pelagic zone (top) ocean, sea, and fresh water bodies. Plankton widely regarded as one of the most important organisms in the world, because it becomes food for aquatic life.

For most sea creatures, plankton is their main food. Plankton consists of the remains of marine animals and plants. The size is small. Although similar objects including life, plankton do not have the strength to fight the current, tide or wind that presents itself.

Plankton living in coastal areas where it gets supplies of mineral salts and sufficient sunlight. It is important to allow it to continue living. Given the plankton into fish food, not surprising that there are a lot of fish on the coast. That is why active fishing activities carried out in the region.

In addition to the remains of animals, plankton are also created from plants. When viewed under a microscope, plant elements can be seen in the plankton algae. Some sea creatures that feed on plankton are like rocks, shells, and whales.

Plankton are organisms which accounted for 80% of the oxygen that exist on this earth. With the ability respiring produce bubbles of oxygen contained in the sea, the oxygen is released into the air and into a gas that we can enjoy today.

Scientists from the United States found plankton can indirectly create clouds that can withstand most harmful sunrays. So that plankton can help slow the process of global warming.

Dierdre Toole of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and David Siegel of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) are two researchers.

Dierdre Toole

David Siegel

The study, funded by NASA revealed when the sun is shining on the ocean, the upper layer of the sea (about 25 meters above sea level) heats up, causing a high enough temperature difference to the marine layer underneath. The top and bottom layers separately and not mixed with each other.

Plankton living in the upper layer, but the nutrients required by the plankton there is more in the lower layers of the ocean. Therefore, plankton are malnourished.

Due to the condition of malnutrition coupled with the hot water temperature, plankton stressed so more vulnerable to ultraviolet rays that can damage it.

Because susceptible to ultraviolet rays, plankton try to protect themselves by producing substances dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which serves to strengthen their cell walls.

This substance decomposes into water if a substance will be dimethylsulfide (DMS). DMS then detached itself from the sea surface to the air.

In the atmosphere, DMS reacts with oxygen to form sulfur similar components. DMS sulfur components were then attached to each other and form small particles such as dust. These tiny particles are then easier for water vapor from the ocean to condense and form clouds.

So, indirectly, plankton help create clouds. Clouds are formed causing the less ultraviolet light that reaches the surface of the sea, so that the plankton were freed from disturbance ultraviolet light.

This process actually has several years studied in the laboratory by scientists, but only this time the natural process can be studied.

Cloud caused by the plankton, is believed to slow down the process of global warming, as well as having a large effect on the Earth's climate. However, to prove this, further research remains to be done careful.

Research conducted in the Sargasso Sea, off the coast of Bermuda also find it surprising that this DMS particles can decompose by itself in the air after only three to five days. In fact, carbon dioxide in the air, can last up to decades. - Who Is Actually The Largest Provider Of Oxygen For The Earth ?

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4 Most Hated Insects But Beneficial

4 Most Hated Insects But Beneficial

Some insects hated because it the disgusting and sometimes transmit germs that cause many deadly diseases. On the other hand, it turns its existence provide certain benefits to the global ecosystem.

1. Mosquito

In addition to transmitting malaria, mosquitoes also transmit several other deadly diseases such as hemorrhagic fever, elephantiasis, and others. Without germs are transmitted, the bite itself is very frustrating because it trigger itching and red spots. However, some species needs mosquitoes and larvae to be eaten. For example, frogs, bats, and even plants such as pitcher plants. Without mosquitoes, extinction or migration patterns of wildlife could be affected.

2. Maggot

In horror movies, the maggots are always portrayed as scary scavenger at once disgusting. Sometimes even exaggerated, they appear on the corpse is often identified as the doom of sinners. Whereas in science, maggots can be used to practice a treatment called maggot debridement therapy (MDT). Maggots are the larvae of flies or beetles were placed in a wound in a certain way so as not to spread, so they can prey on the bacteria causing the infection.

3. Flies

Where there is garbage and foul smell, that's where the flies will always appear. Slovenly impression is definitely attached to flying insects are difficult to be captured with the bare hands. Just like mosquitoes, flies are also needed by some species as a main meal. In addition, the fly eggs will hatch into maggots and help the decomposition of waste and organic materials that pollute the environment.

4. Cockroaches

The glossy surface of the body does not reduce the impression that one is a slob insects. When in fact the cockroaches have good hygiene practices, which is equivalent to the cat, which is frequently licking his own body to keep it hygienic. In addition, studies have shown the cockroach brain contains antibacterial compounds that could eradicate germs. - 4 Most Hated Insects But Beneficial

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10 Most Crazy Weathers in Our Solar System

10 Most Crazy Weathers in Our Solar System

For decades, astronomers have used telescopes to describe the condition of the atmosphere on a distant planet. And concluded the fact that we are grateful to have lived on this earth.

10. Serious Lightning

NASA's Cassini spacecraft has seen an electrical storm on Saturn that is larger than the continental United States electrical storm, with flashes of lightning were 1,000 times stronger than on Earth. Thunderstorms that stretched 2,175 miles (3,500 kilometers) from north to south and emit radio noise similar to that produced in the earth.

9. Hot Crush

As the name implies,. Venus is the hottest place in the solar system. with a temperature of about 750 Kelvin and has a pressure 90 times on this earth will make every visitor will be destroyed. Scientists said that this happens because of excessive greenhouse effect of clouds covering sulfate venus ceiling. Then become a huge greenhouse effect and cause this happen.

8. Methane Moon

Cassini Huygens spacecraft found evidence of strong among heavy rains liquid methane that occurs in Saturn's moon "Titan". And maybe "water" in the moon is also due to methane in Titan's cold temperatures (94 degrees Kelvin) water will be locked up as ice.

7. Scarlet Rain

In the summer of 2001, at least 50 tons of red particles falling at Kerala, India and continued for nearly two months with rain. It turns rusty red objects such as particles of dust storms and biological cells originating from outer space. In the April issue of the journal Astrophysics and Space Science, scientists from the Mahatma Gandhi University reported that the particles have the appearance of biological cells, can reproduce at temperatures , and have nothing in common with dust particles.

6. Popsicle planet

Pluto is not considered the 9th planet in the solar system has the fact that the sunlight is at pluto compared to earth is approximately 1:1000 years and that the planet consists of ice consisting of frozen nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide with temperature ranging between minus 387 to minus 369 Fahrenheit (40-50 degrees Kelvin).

5. Windy World

Neptune was discovered roaring wind that blows more numerous and powerful than on the Earth, reaching 1,500 mph (2,414 kph). Along with the rapid rotation of the planet (approximately 16 hours), causing convection heat and cold very quickly, and can affect the speed of the wind and creates the wind speed exceeds the speed of the earth

4. Freeze Frame

Uranus can reach temperatures below minus 300 degrees Fahrenheit (89 Kelvin). Uranus has a 17-hour rotation, but the revolution that led to the season was 84 years (extreme) long will change. Sometimes it can be so cold that methane gas in the atmosphere condenses into clouds of methane crystals.

3. Close Encounter

The two spots above the sphere of the planet jupiter is a raging storm on the planet. The large one is called the great Red Spot, a storm that is more than double the width of the Earth with a 350-mph ((563 kph) winds and the small one (storm) called Red Jr. Though not fully understood, scientists think the red color correlates with the intensity of the storm-wind then generate chemical compounds from beneath the clouds and lift them to a higher place, plus ultraviolet rays to produce a brick hue.

2. Dust Buster

Mars is known to have flung dust storm that swept across parts of mars. The rust-colored dust can be blown at speeds of 60-100 mph (97-161 kilometers) per hour, which lasts for weeks. Once started, it can be an impenetrable fog blanketed more than half the planet, raising the temperature 30 degrees Celsius in parts of mars.

1.Iron rain

Called "failed star," brown dwarf planet is the newly discovered planet in our solar system. Brown color indicates that the planet has a high ferum element. This planet has a storm like the one on jupiter and flung the irons to its surface. This brown dwarf is getting cold from time to time, the molecular gas condense into liquid iron clouds and rain. With further cooling, a large storm cloud swept away, leaving the bright infrared light scattered into space. - 10 Most Crazy Weathers in Our Solar System

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10 Facts About Living in the Outer Space

10 Facts About Living in the Outer Space

1. One day had 17 times of sun rises

The sun rises and sets every 90 minutes in orbit, making it very difficult to sleep soundly in the absence of a normal day / night cycle. To overcome this, the administrator ISS astronauts set up a schedule to keep their activities accordingly. ISS onboard clock is set to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). To keep astronauts remain on schedule, Mission Control call waking. To pass the time they usually play music and similar activities

2.You Will Grow higher

Without the compression force of gravity, your spine to grow and you grow taller, usually between 5cm and 8cm. Unfortunately, the extra height can bring complications, which can include back pain and nerve problems.

3. Stop Snoring

A 2001 study showed that astronauts who snored on Earth asleep silently in space. That's because gravity plays a dominant role in the generation of apneas, hypopneas, and snoring. NASA has even recorded activities of crew who often snore, but the effects of zero gravity appears to reduce snoring.

4. Some foods and spices need additional water to be eaten

In the plane, salt and pepper are available but only in liquid form. This is because the astronauts did not sprinkle salt and pepper on their food in space. Salt and pepper would simply float. Very dangerous because it could clog air vents, contaminate equipment or get stuck in the mouth, eyes or nose of the astronauts.

5. Astronauts longest stay on the plane for 438 days

The record for the longest mission held by Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov, who completed 438 days (or 14 months) travel in the space station Mir in 1995

6. Only 3 people have ever died in a spacecraft

The crew of Soyuz 11, Georgi Dobrovolski, Viktor Patsayev and Vladislav Volkov, were killed after undocking from space station Salyut 1 after a three week stay.

7. Almost every astronauts experience space sickness

In the absence of gravity, the signal from the system vestibulary and pressure receptors become chaotic. Its effect on the body usually causes disorientation: many astronauts suddenly find themselves just as upside down, or even have difficulty in sensing the location of their own arms and legs. This disorientation is the main cause of the so-called Space Adaptation Syndrome.

8. The most difficult thing is to adapt when you come back from space

When they returned to Earth, astronauts must adapt again like experience when they first into space. There is a rather long phase of adaptation for the habit, some Russian cosmonauts have reported that several months after the flight, they still release the occasional cup or other object in the air - and confused when it fell to the floor

9. Cosmic radiation makes you see glow when flashing

Gazing out of their space capsules, Apollo astronauts witnessed sights that humans have never seen before. They see the view of the bright blue Earth. They see the far side of the Moon. They also saw strange flashing lights in their eyes!

10. You may have to take sponge baths for personal hygiene

While stations such as Skylab and Mir was equipped with a shower, Many astronauts replace the bath sponges with using a washcloth or wet towel. This will reduce the amount of water consumed. Each astronaut will also have a personal hygiene kit with toothbrush, toothpaste, shampoo, razors and other basic toiletries. - 10 Facts About Living in the Outer Space

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10 Facts of Physics That Is Rarely Known

10 Facts of Physics That Is Rarely Known

People who think science is boring, they are wrong. Here are 10 reasons why science is not boring. According to the author of "We Need to Talk About Kevin", Marcus Crown, the following 10 weird facts of physics include :

1. If the sun is made from bananas.

Hot sun because extraordinary weight, about billions of tons and make it into the core of the colossal pressure. Pressure raises the temperature of the large. If the sun is made of bananas, it would weigh billions of tons and have the same effect with the sun.

2. All material making the human race could fit in the box of sugar.

99.9999999999999999% atom is empty space. If all the atoms are forced together and eliminate the spaces in between like a box of sugar, then its mass is about 10 times the mass of human life. This is similar happened in neutron stars, supernova relic super-dense mass.

3. Events in the future can influence events in the past.

Strangeness of the quantum world is documented. But it's increasingly bizarre oddities. According to the experimental physicist John Wheeler and other researchers in 2007, the present particle changes can change the particle of the past.

4. Most of the universe disappears

There may be more than 100 billion galaxies in the cosmos. Each galaxy has 10 million stars. Our sun has billions of tons of weight. This material is visible matter in the universe. Another material called 'dark matter'. This material still needs explanation and it seems this is an expansion of the material universe.

5. Object can move faster than light.

The speed of light is constant in empty space is 300 thousand km / sec, and the light does not always pass through empty space. In water, the photon moves a third of the initial velocity. In nuclear reactors, some particles are forced to move in high speed even faster than speed of light.

6. There is an infinite amount of time writing and reading

According to the current standard model of cosmology, the universe can be calculated amount was boundless like foam. However, a limited number of possible history for the number of events occurred is also limited.

7. Black holes are not black

The black hole is very dark, but not black. They shine and give a little light spectrum, including the visible light.

8. Fundamental explanation of the universe does not include the past, present or future

According to the theory of relativity, there is no such thing as the present or the future or the past. Time frame is very relative. Our time together because we are moving at the same speed. If we move at different speeds, we will find that we are aging faster.

9. Particles can affect the other side of the universe in an instant

When an electron meets antimatter twin, both will be destroyed in a flash of energy and two photons will fly from the blast. The twin will start spinning in the opposite direction, and instantly a twin on the other side of the universe also rotates.

10. The faster moving, the weight is getting heavier

If you run fast, your weight will increase. Not permanent, but it will shortly add a little weight. According to the theory of relativity, mass and energy are the same. The more energy expended, the more weight added. - 10 Facts of Physics That Is Rarely Known

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45 Unique Facts About the Human Body

 The human body is never-ending to be discussed. In fact, current science can not explain the whole system of the brain, let alone other structures such as cell and genetics. The following shows 45 Unique Facts About the Human Body.

1. Our heart beats about 100,000 times each day.

2. Our blood to travel 60,000 miles to cycle the whole body.

3. Our eyes can distinguish up to one million color surfaces and can hold more information than the largest telescope known to man.

4. The lungs consist of 3 billion capillaries (small veins). If these veins are connected into one, can reach 2,400 km in length. Our lungs are able to suck more than 2,000,000 liters of air every day.

5. Our hearing is so sensitive that it can distinguish between 100 to 1,000 different sounds.

6. Our brain is more complex than the most advanced computers in the world and has over 100 billion nerve cells exceeds the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Each nerve cell is connected with more than 100,000 other nerve cells.

7. Every day our body produces up to 100 billion red blood cells.

8. When we touch something, we send a message to our brain at the speed of 124 miles per hour.

9. Our body has 650 muscles, and the muscles take 40% -60% share of the male and 30% -40% share of the female body.

10. We use at least 30 muscles when we smile.

11. Our body consists of 70% water, similar to the Earth.

12. Our body produces 1 liter of saliva a day.

13. Each 1 square inch of our hand had 9 feet of blood vessels, 600 pain sensors, 9000 nerve endings, 36 heat sensors and 75 pressure sensors.

14. The average human has 20 square feet of skin weighing up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg).

15. Each 1 square inch of skin, consisting of 650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, more than 1,000 nerve, and there are more than 20,000,000 bacteria.

16. The thickest part of the skin, about 1/5 inch, is on the shoulders of us. While the skin is the thinnest, about 1/50 inch in the eyelid.

17. Nails grow about 1 millimeter every 10 to 15 days.

18. 1,000,000 more dead skin cells are replaced daily in our body.

19. There are 5 quarts of blood in the adult body that surrounds the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and returned to the liver every 60 seconds.

20. There are four blood types, namely O, A, B and AB. Nearly half the human population of blood type O. This blood type can donate blood to all types of blood groups, but can only receive type O only. Type the rarest is AB comprised only 4% of the population. People with this blood type can receive all types of blood groups.

21 . In our body , there are about 50-75 trillion cells with around half the red blood cells . Each red blood cell consists of 250,000,000 molecules of iron-containing proteins . Iron molecule is often referred to as hemoglobin . Hemoglobin can transport up to 4 oxygen molecules . Thus, for each red blood cell can send 1 billion molecules of oxygen .

22 . If stretched from end to end , arteries , capillaries , and veins , would stretch about 60,000 miles ( 96,000 km ) at an average child and would stretch about 100,000 miles ( 160,000 km ) in adults . This long enough to circle the earth nearly 4 times a round .

23 . With a length of about 11 inches and about 6 inches wide , the lungs are the largest organ of our body . However , both lungs are only weighs 2 pounds and consists of 1.5 gallons of air .

24 . The interior of the human lung is covered by a thin tissue called the 600 million alveoli . Oxygen can pass easily through 1/6.000 inch walls of the alveoli into the capillaries that surround it . When unfolded , the alveoli can cover a tennis court .

25 . Every day , the average adult breathe about 4,250 gallons of air , which consists of 40 billion trillion molecules of oxygen . Along with it there is also a 20 billion particles of dust and other material .

26 . When we cough , the air coming out of our lungs can reach speeds of 600 miles per hour ( 960 km / h ) . This speeds nearing the speed of sound .

27 . Our noses filter and capture more than 70 % of the 20 billion particles of dust that we breathe every day . It also affects the temperature of the incoming air , which is about 77-95 Fo and regulate humidity of 35-80 % .

28 . Every year , people living in the United States attacked nearly 1 billion types of flu . This means , every person stricken with 6 types of flu per year . The reason is , because there are 110 different rhinoviruses that cause the common cold and are 90 other kinds of flu caused by a virus .

29 . Fastest sneeze ever recorded reaching speeds of 100 miles per hour ( 160km / h ) .

30 . Under our noses there are 20 types of odor detection cell . With these cells , we can distinguish up to 10,000 different odors .

31 . The tongue has 10,000 taste buds , but can only detect 4 taste sensations , sweet, sour , bitter and salty .

32 . The small intestine is actually the longest part of the digestive system , which stretches about 22 feet . Large intestine only has a length of 5 feet .

33 . When full , the stomach can accommodate 1-1.5 quarts of food and fluids . It takes 4 hours to digest food and pass into the small intestine in just 2 hours with a speed of 0,002 miles per hour . In the large intestine , the digestive process takes about 14 hours with a speed of 0.00007 miles per hour .

34 . In the small intestine , part of the duty absorption of proteins , sugars and fats from food covered by a layer of small feather-like projections called villi and microvilli . The feathers are able to enlarge the surface area of ​​the gut as much as 600 times than if the surface is smooth . If the small intestine smooth surface , it is necessary to gut the 2.25- mile length to produce the same food absorption by the small intestine that is only 22 feet .

35 . Every day , there are about 3 gallons of food , liquids and digestive fluids through the gastrointestinal tract . Only half a cup only comes out as feces .

36 . Largest muscle of the body is the gluteus maximus/butt . The weight of each piece of ass we are 2 pounds ( not including the fat layer ) . While the smallest is the stapedius muscle that is located in the middle ear , the length is only 1/5 inch .

37 . Most cells in our bodies are so small . However , muscle cells , also called muscle tissue , reaching 1 foot in length and can be seen with the naked eye .

38 . Overall brain weight only 3 pounds can consume 25 % of all energy used by the body . The brain just eat up 2 % of our total body weight .

39 . Nerve wave is not electricity wave , but very rapid chemical changes in the neural network . Nerve impulses that transmit images to the brain from our eyes move at speeds close to 250 miles per hour .

40 . When born , we have 300 bones . However , as adults we only have 206 bones . What exactly is happening ? Apparently, a lot of bones in our body are fused along with the growth of our body . Examples of this are the fused bones of the skull and spine .

41 . Most of us have 12 pairs of ribs . However , approximately 5 % of the population has an extra pair of ribs .

42. Shortest bone in our body is the stirrup bone located in the inner ear. This bone has a length of only 1/8 inch. While the longest bones in our body is the femur, the length varies for each person. However, the average length ranging from 1/4 height of the person.

43. There are 54 bones in the entire wrist, hand, and fingers. While in both feet, ankles, and toes are only 52 bones.

44. Foreskin of circumcised babies can grow from the size of a postage stamp to be 3 times the area of ​​the basketball court. It is a miracle of science. Laboratory regenerate skin to replace skin burns victims.

45. Each kidney consists of1 million single filter that filters an average of 1.3 liters of blood per minute and produces 1.4 liters of urine a day. - 45 Unique Facts About the Human Body

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Half-flora And Half-fauna Creature

Half-flora And Half-fauna Creature - The beauty of God's creation can not be defeated. This unique creature half Flora and half Fauna. It seems this sea slug creature is the first to be found of its half flora and fauna type . Because the newly discovered snail can produce pigment chlorophyll like a plant. Scientists estimate this ingenious slug steals genes from algae that they eat so they can produce chlorophyll. With the stolen genes they can photosynthesize, the process plants to convert sunlight into energy.

"These animals can make the molecule contains energy without eating anything," said Sydney Pierce, a biologist from the University of South Florida in Tampa. Pierce has been studying the unique creatures, officially called Elysia chlorotica, for 20 years.

He filed his latest findings on January 7, 2010, at the annual meeting of the Community for Integrative and Comparative Biology in Seattle. This finding was first reported by the journal Science. "This is the first multicellular animals can produce chlorophyll," Pierce said.

The sea slugs live in salt water marshes in New England, Canada. In addition to stealing the gene to produce the green pigment chlorophyll, these animals also steal tiny cell parts called chloroplasts, which is used to carry out photosynthesis. Chloroplasts using chlorophyll to convert sunlight into energy, like plants, so that the animals do not need to eat to get energy.

"We collected a number of these animals and save them in an aquarium for months," Pierce said, "As long as the light was given for 12 hours a day, they can survive (without eating)."

The researchers used a radioactive tracer to ensure that these snails actually produce chlorophyll, and not to steal from the pigment that has been on the algae. In fact, these snails to integrate genetic material so perfect that it can be passed on to subsequent generations.

Children of snails that have been stealing genes can also produce their own chlorophyll, though they can not photosynthesize before they eat enough algae to steal enough chloroplasts. So far they have not been able chloroplast own production. The success of these snails are marvelous, and scientists are still not sure how this animal could choose genes that they need.

"It may be the DNA of one species can get into other species, as evidenced by this type of snail. But the mechanism is still unknown," said Pierce. - Half-flora And Half-fauna Creature

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